Piano-violin.



H. SCHLEMMER.

PIANO VIOLIN. APPLIGATION PILED NOV. e, 1907.

Patentedz Max: 29, 1910.

10 SHEB'I'S-SHEET 1.

Indeno 127- H. SGHLEMMER.

PIANO VIOLIN. APPLIOATION I'ILED Nov. 9, 1907.

Patented Mar. 29, 1910.

10 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

4xmoemmens, wnsnmq'roN. D. c.

H. SGHLEMMER.

PIANO VIOLIN.

APPLIOATION IEILBD NOV. 9, 1907.

Patented Mar. 29, 1910.

10 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

H. SGHLEMMER.

PIANO VIOLIN.

APPLIOATIO'NA FILED NOV. 9, 1907.

Patented Mar.29,1910.

10 SHEETS-SHEBT 6.

H. SGHLEMMER.

PIANO VIOLIN. APPLIOATIONILED mv. 9. 1907.

Patented Mar. 29, 1910.

10 SHEETS-SHEET 7.

H. SHLEMMER.

PIANO VIOLIN.

APPLIUATION IILED NOV. 9. 1907.

Patented Mar. 29, 1910.

10 SHEETS-SHEE'I. 8.

H. SGHLEMMER.

PIANO VIOLIN.

APPLIOATIONILED NOV. e, 1907.

Patented Mar. 29, 19%.

10 SEEETS-SHEET 9.

H. SGHLEMMER.

PIANO VIOLIN.

APPLIGATION FILED NOV. 9, 1907.

953,193, Patente Mar.29,1910.

10 SHEETS-SHEET 10.

NOREW |1 GRAHAM cm PHOIO-LITHUGRAFHERS. wnsummm4. D.

' NITED STAEE S PATEN'I OFFICE.

I-IENRY SCI-ILEMMEIR, OF EFFINGI-IAM, ILLIN'OIS.

PIANO-VIOLIN.

T aZZ whom it mag concern:

Be t known that I, IIENRY SCHLEMMER, a ctizen of the United States, resdng at the town of Effingham, in the county of Eflngham and State of Illinois, have nvented certan new and useful Improvements in Piano-Volins, of which the followng s a specificaton, reference beng had therein to the eccompanying drawings.

Ths nventon relates to musical nstruments, especally to nstruments of that olass in which vbraton of a strng s caused by a bow (such as violns, violas, voloncellos, ete.), and has for its object to provide means whereby such nstruments are played by meehenieal contrvances instead of by band manipulaton of the b0-W and finger edjustment of the vbratory string-length (technicnlly called stoppng).

By ths invention, a single playerean simultaneously play a great number of instruments, nstead of only one instrument, as in pleyng by band.

Thai; form of the inventon more particularly deserbed herein embodes eellos, vio- 1as, end volins, eombined wth sutable meehansm to cause the string of any i11- strument to engage a rotating wheel whch serves as a bow, and to stop the strngs at the proper pont, or to cause e plurality of such nstruments to be played simultaneonsly. The plnyer controls all the nstruments by a manual having the black and whte keys of the ordinary piano or organ keyboard, and, by depresson of any key, czmses the nstrument wheh that key controls to sound the desred note. Vthin certain lmitatons hereinafter to be set forth, the operator can play chords, as well as indvidnal notes.

In the drawngs formng part 0]": tl1is specificaton, in whch like numbers of reference denote lke parts wherever they occur, Figure 1 s a rezu view of the assembled mechanism, the outer rear-easing being re moved; Fig. 2 is a top plan view, the outer rop-casng being removed, end none of the action parts being shown; Fig. 3 is an end "iew of the left end, Fgs. 2 and 8, the endcasing being removed; F ig. 4 is a similar view of the opposte end; Fgs. 5, 6, and 7 are details of varous parts of che ecton; Fig. 8 is a vertical longitudinzrl seetional vew, the outer casng and all the instruments end action parts being removed; Fg.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Applcation filed November 9, 1907.

Patentecl Mar. 29, 1910.

Serial No. 401,387.

the same parts shown in Fig. 10; Fig. 12

s a perspective view of the slding block to whch one end of the string of the nstrument s secured; Fig. 18 is a perspectve view of one of the stop-keys and the gudes within Wheh seme moves; Fig. 14 s a perspectve view of one of the stop-keys detached from other parts; Fig. 15 is a side view of one of the nstruments, end partof the aeton controlling seme; Fig. 16 s a view of part of the action shown in Fig. 9, Which part s eonnected with the aetion parts shown in Fig. 15; Fig. 17 is a view of a manual-key end parts by Which seme is connected to that one of the levers shown in Fig. 9 Wheh sad key controls; Fig. 18 s a similar view of another manual-key and conneeted parts; Flg. 19 is a sde vew and Fig. 20 (L top view of one of the bow-wheels; Fig. 21 s a front view of one of the instruments, showng how seme s supported upon the frame work or casing; Fgs. 22, 23 and 26 are persneotve vews of forms of aetion parts used on some nstruments other than. that shown in Fig. 15; Fig. 24 le e perspectim vew and Fig. 25 a seetional view of' a modified bow-wheel; Fig. 27 is a detail of' part of the aeton shown in Fig. 15, on an enlarged scale es compared to that figure; Fg. 28 is a perspective view of one of the tail-pieees; Fig. 29 is a top-plan view of che manual or key-board, some of the keys beng removed; Fig. 30 is a perspectve view of the swell-rod; Fig. 81 s a front-view of part of the key-board,' Sh0Wing che swelloperatng mechansm; Fig. 32 s a detal of snd mechansm; and Fig. 38 is a perspeetve view of the knee-piece.

In the drawings, the varions nstruments are shown only in a conventonal manner, end Without f-holes, but the nstruments employed are ordinary stock volins, etc., such as can be obtained from any dea-ler in musical nstruments. They are somewhat modified, of course, as the purpose for wheh each s used may necessitate, some standard parts being removed, che constructon of others changed, and some new parts supplied.

A5 is Well known, an instrum-ent of the violin class comprises e hollow body, a neok to Whicli a finger-board is attaehed, a bridge, stringe, and some other parte, and is pluyed by drawing a bow across the string or strings to be played et a point between the bridge and the finger-board, the note to be eonndecl being determined by the length of string which is ollowed t0 vibrate, which length is governed by the act of the player in stopping tl1e strin e., pressing said string at a predetermined point by the finger ugainst the finger-boord so thot only tl1at purt between the finger and the bridge con vibrato. The instriiments used in this invention ere plnyed by causing some to 1no"e to a point where their respective stringe engzige a rotating wheel whieh serves tl1e purpose of a bow, and the note to be sonnded is governed by a stopping-key WlllCll bears npon the string end performs tl1e saune funetion as the finger tl1at presses some against the finger-board when the instrmnent is played by band.

Eacl1 of the various instruments is pivoted to the fra1ne-work, some beingneck up and some neck down, and is rocked tbe distanee necessary to curry its string into end out of engagenrent Wiili its bow-wheel by the aet of the operator in depressing tl1e particular 1nnnnal-key or keys of the keybonrd 2 by WliiCh suid instrrnnent is controlled, tl1e move1nent of said 1nun1ml-keys being communicoted to the respective i1n stru1nents by appropriate action, which, else, regulates the length of string ellowed (o vibrate.

The embodiment out the invention herein described conrprises instrrnnente, keys, end connecting action to play four octaves, from the second c below 1niddle a to the second b above. It should be understood, l1owever, thai; this range may be inereased 01 decreased et Will, by clmnging the number of keys end aetion parte, the nu1nber ot. instrmnents employecl etc.

The various parte ore supported in a casing or frame-work eo1nprisin g npri ghts 3 end cross-pieces l, With severel smaller or subordinate supporting 1ne1nbers Boerds or punels (net shown) are serewed to tbe ra1ne-work, and keep dust end dirt froxn settling in the aetion, which panels n1ust. be re;rdily removable to permit neceesary tuning. The violins, violas, end cellos are arranged in groups, (es best shown in Figs. l, 2 and 4) so that as 1nnny 218 fonr instruments can be pluyed by the seme bow-wheel 6. To the body o eaeh instrument, et a point adjacent tl1e tail-piece 7 tbereof, iastened e thin strip 8 which is pivoted by a pin 9 in the bifureated support or honger 10 carriecl on the fra1ne-yvork, so that by pivot 9 and its string ll eurried into end out of engagement \Vitll tln1t bow-wheel 6 Wliich is opposite sznne.

The keys are provided for the purposze ol playing the vurions notes, tbe lcey to play the lowest c beingat the extreme left, Fig. 29, the keys tor c-Slmrp, (Z, (Z shnrp, end (f following next in order, end so on tl1rongbout the series, the highest l;ey shown at tl1e extre1ne rigbt, Fig. 29, playing I). By suitable fiction, depression of any lcey 0:111S0 the instru1nent whieh tln1t key controls lo sound the desired note, end depression o! more tlrun one key, to play the desired ehord.

The cello 12 (Figs. 4, 10 and 11) pluys T notes, c, c-sharp, cl d-sherp, 7, end slmrp; cello 13 (Figs. 4 end pl:rys 5 notes, to 6, inclusive; tl1e plnying of tlie notes of the next oetave, a to 7), S distributed emong tl1e "collo 14 and tl1e tour violns 15, eoch pluying two or tlnee notes ne nmy prove convenient, while :tor eecl1 note ol the two treble oetaves, beginning With rniddle a, one violin 16 is provided, there being n totnl ol 2-l; violins. It follows tlmt the operator can play any chords desired in the troble, since eacb note is sonnded by a different i11- stru1nent, nny two or more of whieb con be ployed by the act of the operator in Simul tnneously depressing tbe nnmnnbkeys controllingeecl1, but the range ot chords obtainnble in tl1e base is more limited, end chords can be plnyed only where ez1el1 n0te of tl1e desired cl1ord lmppens to be sonnded by 11 difierent instrmnent. li :feasible so to construot tl1e mechanis1n tlmt (3:1(l1 note of tbe bnss cnn be played on a separate instrw n1ent, bnt tl1e 1neclmnism beco1nes nnneuessarily complex, bnlk \g end expensire ii? tlm be done.

The1neans tor tuning the. instrxnnent, end the 1neuns by which tbe length ot string ullowed to vibrato is determined ore sl1own in detuil in Figs. 10 to 14-, inclusive, end \\'llll(, Figs. 10 end 11 otlxerwise bare particolar reference to one of tlie vellos, the seme construction tor tuning end stopping is (111' ployed on lCll oi tbe otl1er inetrmnenls, violus end violins, :1s Well es 'cellos. Tl1e neck With whieh tbe ordinury Violin is equipped is modified, end the nsunl fingerbomd end scroll ore omtted entirely. .ln tbe neck l'7 is 21 perforetion 18 in r;lxieh slides o block li), Wl1icli bloelc bus n Hure\\ tlnreaded. perforation 20 tbrougb which sorew 21 passes, said :-cre.\' extendingtlnough perforation 22 bevond tlre end 23 ot' tbe neck 1?, so llmt be tlut l1ezrd il of the screv: bears upon end 2: n end tnrning ol tl1e serew 21 carries block li) )\\'l'(l or aw-uy ron1 tl1e body ot tl1e violin or oiber instrw ment. Tl1e string ll pzxsscs tbrougb pery foretion in bloek 19. tl1e end of the string 1neans heremafcter more part1cnlarly descr1bed, each 1nstrument 1s rocked upon 3:1SS tbrou l1 mrforation 23 end be held by ping 27 in perforation 28. The instru1nent is tuned, therefore, by loosening or tightening the string 11 by means of a screw 21. A11 ebony, metal, Or vulcanite saddle 29 is fitted into a recess 30 in the neek, upon Which saddle and the bridge 31 the spring 11 rests, the distance between the saddle and the bridge being the greatest length of the vibratory part of the string. T0 stop the string at various points inter1nediute the saddle and bridge (as is done by the fingers in playing by band) stop-keys 32 are provided. Each key 32 co1nprises a flat, bladelike end 33, the outer straight edge of which is notched at 34 to receive the string, end a shank or ste1n 35 whioh passes through a perforation 36 in the neck 17. A spring 37 secured by a plug 38 to the neck, passes through a. perforation near the end of the shank 35, and keeps the blade 33 of the key normally pressed toward the neck 17 and out of contact with the string 11. The sides of the blade-ike end 33 slide in recesses 39 in guide-blocks 40 whioh are secured by serews 41 one on each side of the neck 17. The blocks 40 terminate in inwardly-projeoting beveled studs 42, against the slanting edges 43 of which the beveled edges 44 of the key-ends 33 strike, so that, as key 32 is pressed toward the string 11, its end Will be wedged in between the blocks 40, and, as the pressure upon key-stem 35 continues and increases, the blocks 40 Will be pushed forward, carrying therewith the neck 17 of the instru1nent; end, since each instrument is pivoted upon a pin 9, so as to have a rocking movement, to move its neek forward or backward Wi]l carry the instru1nent to sueh position that its string 11 passes into or out of engagement with the proper bow-wheel (3. The fece of the neck 17 is notched or grooved at 45, the inner edge 46 of each keyend 33 being adapted to seet in one of the said recesses when the respective keys are not thrust forward against the string 11.

As stated hereinabove, some of the instruments sound several notes, the number oi. notes which each is adapted to sound depending upon the co1nple1nent of keys 32 and assoeiztted pzuts With which said instrument is provided. Cel]o 12, for example, sounds 7 notes, and, to effect that end, must have at least six keys 32, six grooves 45, six pairs 0f guide blocks 40, es We11 as 1neans to rock the cello when the lowest note sounded thereby is to be played. Since, however, it is by the bearing of the keys 32 upon the guide b]ooks 40 that the instruments are rocked forward fro1n time to time (though, of oourse, this 1neans f0r rocking the various instruments is only one of many that CLD be used), it is well to provide seven of each of the foregoing elements, and when seven such parts are provided, the head 33 of that stopkey 32 fnrthest from the body of the instrument is so deeply recessed ai; 34 that it will not stop the string, yet, at the same time, will rock the instrument upon its pivot 9 as do the other stop-keys 32. Cello 12 is provided with a c string, note 0 being sounded on open string, and the other notes which this instrument plays being sounded by stopping its string from time to time at the proper points. When the key 32 fitting in that groove 45 nearest the saddle 29 is thrust forward by the action, said key being notched so deeply at 34 as not to stop the string, the cello is rocked forward so that the string is properly bowed by its wheel 6, but as the full length of the string is allowed to vibrante, note 0 is sounded. \Vhen the key 32 normally fitting in the second groove 45 is thrust forward (said key being the one shown by way of example in Figs. 10 and 11), the cello is rocked as before, but, in addition to rocking the instru- 1nent, this key stops the string at such a point that c-sharp is sounded. \Vhen the key nor1nally held in the third groove 45 is thrust forward, the cello sounds 62, and so on, the number of notes which any instru- 1nent can sound depending on the number of keys 32 and associated parts provided, and the particular note to be played because of the 1nove1nent of any given key 32 being determined by the distance of that key from the saddle 29 and the note to which the string 11 is tuned. Although only one instrurnent is equipped to play seven notes, it is well to provide the neck 17 of each with seven grooves 45 and seven perforations 36, so that each instru1nent, when equipped with the proper string, and with its stop-key or keys 32 properly set, Will be interchangeabie with any other instru1nent of the seme kind.

It Will be observed that in the instruments employed in this mechanism their respective strings 11 are stopped by pressing the1n away from the neck, while in a hand-played violin the string to be stopped is pressed townrd the neck. In the hand-played violin, moreover, the bridge is sometimes held in position on the belly of the instru1nent by the strings alone, and the stopping of any string causes an increased pressure on the bridge, end tende to hold s:une in place more fir1nly than before. Since, however, in this invention the stopping of the string is occasioned by pushing itaway from the neok,

tbereby lessening the pressure Which holds the bridge upon the beily of the instrument, it is well to secure the bridge to the belly by g1ue, screws, or otherwise so that the bridge cennot drop out of position when the instruxnent is played.

The cello 13 playing five notes, has fiVe keys 32, es shown in F ig. 15. The other cello 14 and the violas 15 have as many keys as notes piayed by each, and each of the violins 16 has one key 32. Those violins alinement therewith, or be Otherwise; supportec1, so that saic1 member will not scrape or rub the end of ste1n 35 Which said 1n'en1- ber engages. Itis necessary, a1so, se te adjust the length of stroke given to each key 32 as to give exact1y the proper amount of rocking movement to the instrument. For exzunple, if any instrument must be rockec1 ten degrees upon its pivot 9 to carry its string 11 into engagementwith the bowwhee1 6, the extent of longitudinal movement which that stopkey 32 nearest the body must have to rock the instrument ten degrees Wi11 be less than the movennentgiven that key 32 nearest. the sac1c1le 29 to rock che saune instrument che saune number of de grees. The action, accorc1ingly, must be so ac1j ustec1, and each 1ever must be pivotec1 atsuch a point, as to give exactly the proper forwarc1 throw to each stop-key 32.

The foregoing being the main require- 1nents necessary for the maker of the action to observe, the construction anc1 arrange- 1nent of any given set of action parts can be c1etermined according to the distance between, anc1 relative position of any nmnuaL key 1 and the instrumentcontrolled thereby.

In the c1rzuvings a few forms of action- 1ever arrangenient are shown as exzunp1es. T11e action control1ing ce1lo 13 is shown praetic-al1y complete, since it exhibits most of the essentia1 features of the action by which any of the instruments is contro11ed, unc1, for c1earness of c1escription, specific refcrence n1unera1s are app1ied to ne-arly 511 the parts comprising the action for this one instru1nenf, though, of course, many of these parts are mere c1up1icates of 2111 the others in the same group or series. These parts, 1escribed in the next four paragraphs, are best shown in Figs. 15, 16, 17, 27, and 29.

The manual-keys 66, 67, 68, 69, and 70, which, of course, are in 2111 respects 1ike keys 1, respectively rock 1evers 50, 51, 52, 53, and 54, which are pivoted upon panel 47, the 1ower enc1s (Fig. 16) of saic1 1evers being forcec1 avvay from pane1 47 and their upper enc1s toward the pane], since saic1 1nanua1- keys are connected with their respective 1evers by the construction shown in Fig. 17, ench link 62 carrying a screw-threaded wire or flexib1e 1'0(1 71 at its outer end, which roc1 passes through a perforation 72 in the end of each 1ever 50, 51, 52, 53, and 54, nut 63 screwing upon snid 1nen1ber 71, link 62 being uc1apted to move toward the left, Fig. 17, as the proper manual-key is depressed. Upon he pane1 47 are 1nounted levers 73, 74, 75, 76, and 77 which, respectively, are connectec1 ut their 1eft band ends (Fig. 16) to 1evers 50, 51, 52, 53, and 54, and which, at their right band ends (sa1ne figure), are connected by flexib1e pins 78 to 1ong roc1s 7 9, 80, 81, 82, and 83. Each of said roc1s carries, at the end opposite (hat engaged by the short 1ever (73, for example) engaging seme, a flex1b1e, screw-threadec1 rod 84, upon which is a nut 85, S211C1 roc1 passnig through a perforation 86 in the end of one of the 1evers 87 88, 89, 90, and 91, Which are engagec1, respectively, by roc1s 79, 80, 81, '82, and 83. In the opposite end of each or' said 1evcrs 87, 88, 89, 90, and 91, is a perforation 92 through Which a flexib1e member 93 passes, on which members nuts 94 are screwec1, and by saic1 flexib1e me1nbers 93 1evers 87, 88, 89, 90, and 91 are connected, respective1y, to roc1s 95, 96, 97, 98, and 99, each oi which bears upon shank 35 of one of the keys 32. It fo11ows, accorc1ing1y, that depression of manua1-key 66, for examp1e, Wi11 be conunnnicated through pin 57, be11-crank 60, pin 62, 1ever 50, 1ever 73, roc1 79, 1ever 87, and roc1 95 to that key 32 nearest che saddle 29 on ce1lo 13, eaeh part moving in the c1irection indicated by arrows A, and that depression of any other manuul-key 1, through the action members connectec1 thereto, Wil1 cause a forwarc1 thrust of thatstop-key 32 which saic1 1nanua1- key contro1s. Fig. 7 shows a modification of lever 87, which, instead of having perforations 86 and 92 rhrough which seme is connected to roc1 79 and pin 95, has shoulc1ered seats 100 againsc. which the enc1s of said roc1 end pin bear.

Each of levers 87, 88, 89, 90, and 91 is pivotec1 ai: 101 in a ho1der 102, which holder is s1ottec1 at each end, 1ever 87 (to use this as an exaxnp1e of the construction co1nmon to the others) being in slot 103, and a crosspiece 104 in slot 105. Holder 102 s1ic1es upon piece 104 or is secured thereto by screw 106. In one of the supports 5 are recesses to receive the inturned enc1s 107 of wire yoke 108 and the inturnec1 end 109 of wire 110, Whieh wire passes through a perforation in the lever-ho1c1er 102. Yoke 108 is fittec1 over the end of wire 110, and by these two members ho1c1er 102 is secured in any desired position npon support 5. Since the action must be very delicate1y ac1justec1, and the distance fro1n pivot 111 to support 5 regu- 1ated with greatexactness in orc1er that 1ever 87 may be in the precise position to give the pro aer throw to that key 32 Which saic1 1ever 87 confro1s, the holder 102 cannot be permanently securec1 to support 5, as by g1ue, screws or the 1ike, but is 11e1c1 by the wire 1nembers 108 and 110 Which can be sent by p1iers so as to pivot 1ever 87 M the point necessary to secure pivot 111 in the precise position requirec1 therefor. Owing to the fact that the connection between lever 87 and piu 95 is flexib1e, and the pins 95, 96, etc., pass hrough a perforatec1 guideblock 95 the end of pin 95 Wi1l not slip nor s1ic1e on siop-key shank Which szune engages.

As before stated, the exient of 1ongitudina1 thrust Which must be given any stop- Wheels 6 is merely illustrative and may be replaced by any other in which eaoh instrument can be brought into engagement With a bowwvheel 6 at the proper tin1es. The number of instruments used, moreover, oan be varied at Wi1l, increased if those instru- 1nents herein described as sounding several notes in the bass are replaced by a greater number of instruments each playing a less number of notes, or diminished if the treble violins, or some of them, are equipped with stop-keys 32 to play more than one note. The size and shape of the room in Which the apparatus is mounted, also, Will be a factor in determining the number and positions of the shafts 127, and the number of instruments to be played by the bow-wheels on each.

The wheels 6 may be made in any one of several ways. The wheel may be either an integral wooden disk, as shown in Fig. 24, or a ]a1ninated disk, or it may be made in two pieces, as shown in Figs. 19 and 20, which last construetion is preferab1e in many respects, beoause the tendency toward warping is therein red uoed to the minimum. The wheels shown in Figs. 19 and 20 comprise two approximately semicircular pieoes 140 and 141, one partly overlapping the other and being so positioned that the oircumference of the composite wheel is circular. Over the eircular edge 01' eaoh member of the wheel strands of horsehair 142 are wound, the ends of which may be secured to a pin 143 projecting from the other member, or, as shown in Fig. 24, a thin strip 144 of celluloid or si1nilar substance may be glued to the periphery of the disk. The celluloid strip or the horsehair band enga ges the strings 11 of the respective instruments when the instruments are rocked, and, as the wheels 6 are rotated by operation of tread1e 129, said strings 11 are caused t0 vibrate just as if ordinary bows were drawn thereacross, excepting, as bereinabove stated, that the tone produced is a oontinuous one, and does not momentarily cease, as is the case in playing by band when the player reverses the direction of move- 1nent of the bow. The instruments are so pivoted that each tends to fa11 by gravity away from its bOW-Wheel 6, or it may be pressed backward by a spring 144 (Fig. 1) so that, when the players finger is removed from any manual-key 1, the instrument Will autonuatically retnrn to norn1al position, out

of engagement With wheel 6, stopkey 32 being retracted by action of the spring 87.

The key-board 2 supports the flat board 59 upon which the manual-keys 1 are pivotally mounted. Pins 145, secured to said board 59, projeot upwardly therefrom into recesses on the under side of the keys 1, and thoreby guide the same and keep the1n from g rockng or wabbling. Hnged to board 59 I is a rod or piece of quarter-round 146, in length equaling the length of the bank of I keys 1, and being normally held by springs i 147 in the position shown in Fig. 17. Pivoted to board 59 by pin 148 is a knee-piece 149 to which one end of cord 150 is seoured, whioh oord passes under pulley 151 and over pu1ley 152 and is conneoted at its other end by hook 158 to rod 146. The oord passes through a perforation in knee-piece 149 and is retained therein by a ping 154, by means of which the length of the cord is adjusted. When the parts are in nor1nal position, shown in Fig. 17, if' any manual-key 1 be depressed, it Will strike the edge 155 of rod 146, and its downward 1novement Will be limited thereby. If the knee-piece 149 be then forced toward the right, F ig. 31, rod 146 Will be pulled, swinging on hinges 156 and passing part way through slot 157 in board 59, thus allowing keys 1 to engage the curved edge 158. The farther the knee-piece is thus pressed, the lower the keys 1 can move, and the lower said keys move, as that part of edge 158 which the keys engage sinks lower and lower, the harder are strings 11 of the instrument controlled by said keys pressed against wheels 6, and the louder is the tene produced. If the knee-piece be thus moved while any key or keys 1 are depressed, the further depression of keys 1 co1nes gradually, giving the eflect of a svve11.

Owing to the faet that each instrument must oarry strip 8 by which same is pivotally supported at the point where the tail pieoe is usually seoured, a modified tailpiece is provided, same comprising a smail wooden strip 159 to whioh string 11 is fastened by a ping 160, and bearing a sharp edge or saddle 161. Wires or cat gutstringe 162 seoured to said 1ne1nber 159 are fastened to the body of' the instrument by buttons (not shown) one on each side of strip 8.

As hereinabove stated, the violins, violas, and ce1los do not difler from the standard artiole, except for the modified form of neck, scroll, tuning pegs, and tail-pieces peculiar to this invention, and the omission of the finger-board. The 1nanual-keys I, also, are a stap1e articie ot' manufacture. The action parte are usually made of wood, and thoroughly-seasoned hard maple is probably the best domestic wood to use. Some of the Paraguayan or Braziiian hard Woods, too, though costly, give good results, because they have but little tendency to warp when exposed to 1noisture, that being the most important charaoteristic which any Wo0d used should possess. Metal can be used, but the expansion and oontraction Occasioned by changes in temperature render san1e objectionable because of the difiiculty in maintaining the precise and delicate ad- I 1 l l i 10 the same ptch. a pluralty of keys acll 'conlrolling one of sncl instruments, a bowing means Whch bows the strngs of each of saicl nstruments and means whereby each key oauses its nstrument to play a note dfl'erng in pitch fro1n that playecl by any other nstrument.

0. The oombination of a plurality of groups of nstruments each bearng a. string, the strings on all nstruments of eaoh group beng tunecl to the saune ptoh, aplurality 0f keys each controllng one of sacl nstru- 1nents, ancl means wl1ereby each key causes ts nstrument to play a note cliflfering in pitch from that played by any otber nstrumeni; in the same group.

7. The combnaton of a pluralty. of 111- struments, eaoh bearng a strng, the strngs on all the nstruments being tunecl to the same pitoh, ancl means to cause each instrument to play a note clfierent in pitch from tl1at playecl by any other nstrument.

8. The combination of a plurality of nstru- 1nents, each bearing a string, the strngs 011 2111 the instruments beng tuneol to the same ptch, ancl means to stop saicl strngs, the locaton of sad stoppng means on any instrumont beng difierent from the location thereof on any other nstrument.

9. The combnaton of a pluralty 01' instruments, each bearng a strng, che strings on 2111 the instrumonts beng tuned to the same pitch, means to stop sacl strngs, the locaton of sacl stopping means on any instrument beng dfferent from the locaton on any otl1er nstrument, zmcl manual-keys lo operate sad stoppng means.

10. Tl1e combination 01 21 plumlity of instruments, eacl1 bearng a strng, tho strings on 2111 che nstruments being tunecl to the saune ptch, a bowng meaus which bows 2111 of sa.cl nstruments, a bank of manual-keys, ancl means whereby each key causes that instrument whch it oontrols to play 1 note dfl'ering in ptch from the note playecl by any other nstrument.

11. The combnaton of' a plurality of 111- struments, each having a string and all che strngs beng tunecl to the same ptch, a rotatng wheel aclaptecl to bow saicl nstruments, ancl means for 1novng sacl nstruments to saol wheel seleot-vely t0 sound sad stringa 12. The combnation of a movable violn, rotating bowng means therefor, ancl moans engagng the string of the volin on the sicle aclj acent to che neck 01 the voln, and aclaptec1 on movement 01: saiol means to cause the voln to move toward the bowng means so that ts strng engages sail bovving means.

13. The combination of a. pivoted voln, rotatng bowng means therefor, and means engagng the string of the violn 011 che scle adjacent to che neck of the voln, ancl adapted on movement of saicl means to cause the volin to rock toward the bowing means so that ts string engages saicl bowing means.

14;. The combination of a movable voln, a bowing means into engagement wth which the string 01: the violin s carrecl, and a. movable means whch travels in a direction ai; rght angles to the string of the violn ancl engages same on the sle acljacent the neck of the volin, thereby to move the violin.

15. The combination of a plurality of volins, a keyboarcl controllng sanno, a panel or clstributing boarcl, a plurality of levers mountecl thereupon, means for rocking saicl levers, rocls moved longitudnally by said levers, a bowng means and means aotuatecl by said rocls for causing the strings of sacl volns to engage said bowing means.

16. The combnation of a movable volin, a movable member carred thereupon, slottecl guides f01 said movable member carriecl upon the ,neck of. the violin, there being fas tening means passing through said slots t0 bncl saicl guides upon saiol neck, and means for moving said movable member, thereby to move the violn.

17. The combination of a movable violn, a movable member carriel thereupon, a member fixed to che neck of the violin aganst whch saicl movable member s adaptecl to strke, and means to acljust the positon upon the violn of saicl fixed member.

18. The combination of a volin and a. bowing means therefor, sacl means comprisng a wheel made in a plurality of sections, the circular part of the periphery of each section beng coverecl Wth a flexible substance, which flexible substance is secured to zu1other of sad sectons by plugs extencling from sacl section.

19. The combinaton of a movable violin, a movable member carrel thereupon, & gucle-block carred upon the voln proviclecl wth a projection against which saicl movable member s aclaptecl to strke, means to adjust the distance of sad projecton from sacl volin, ancl means to press said key against saicl projecton, thereby to move tl1e voln.

20. The combinaton of a movable volin, a movable member carriecl thereupon, a par of blocks carriecl upon the volin each provided With a p1ojecton against which sacl movable member s aclaptecl to strike, ancl means to move saicl movable member nto engagement wth saicl projectons, thereby to move sa'cl voln.

21. The combnaton of a movable violn a movable member berne thereby, a pair 0% blocks carriecl 011 saicl violn, one on each side of the path of travel of saicl member, and means for movng sad member to a point vvhere same bears upon saicl blocks; thereby to move saicl volin.

92. The combnation of a movable violn, a movable member berne thcreby, n puir 0'L blocks Ca1ried 011 suid volin, suid blocks havng projections nferposed in the pnth of travel of sad member, and means for movng said member to 2L p0int where seme bears upon said projectons, thereby to move the vio1n.

28. In combinat-ion wth 2L movable violin, blocks carried thereby and havng abutments thereon, L member slidable in the plana 0 sad abutments and supported by said b10cks, and 1neans for slidng said members to engage said abutrnents to move snd volin.

24. The combnation of a mova.ble violn, a movable me1nber carried thereupon, tbe neck of the Violin beng in fixed 1elation to the resonzu1ce-box of the violin, a block berne 11p0n said neck, said block being adupted to be engaged by said movable menlbel', nnd 1neans t0 actuate said movable 1nember, thereby to move the Vi0lin.

25. The combinaton of a movab1e violn che neck 0f Which s fixed to che resonanc6- box thereof, 2L member cnrried upon sad neck and movable relatively thereto, means fixed upon sad neck in t-he puth of trm*el of said inovable membe1g 1nd meuns to prese sad movnbe membm nguins snid fixml 1nenns, the1reby to move the violn.

26. The combnaton of a movzxble violn, a movable stemmed member in connecfion therewth, menns in fixed reuton 10 snid volin in whch said stennne l member is adapted t0 sfide and hnving z1butments aganst Which said member Will strike, un l movable 1neans engagng the ste1n 0f sui l member, 'hereby to move the violin, there being a yielding connection betwcen snid stem and sad movable 1neans.

27. The combination of a momble violin, sad violin having a neck l'igdly secured to the resonance-bog and 21 st1ing one end ol whch s secured to the resonzmce-box and the other end of Whieh is secure l to the neck, bowing mezms, and a 1novable 1nember Which bears upon said st1ing, thereby to move tbu violn to a point where suid string enguges said bowing menns.

In testimony whereof I have nfixcd 1n sgnature in presence of two wtnesses.

HENRY QCHLEMMER.

Vitnesses F. KUNKLER, B. NIEBRUGGE. 

